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  • Foundations of Regulation
    • Utility Market Reforms
    • Development of Regulation
    • Market Structure and Performance
    • Regulating Public vs. Private Operators
    • Theories of Regulation
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Market Structure and Competition
    • Monopoly and Market Power
    • Competition in Utility Markets
    • Competition for the Market
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Financial Analysis
    • Information in the Regulatory Process
    • Regulation of Financial Statements
    • Comparative Analyses
    • Earnings Measurement
    • Cost of Capital
    • Business Decision Making
    • Information Management
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Price Level Regulation
    • Basic Forms of Regulation
    • Incentive Features
    • Features of Price and Revenue Cap Regulation
    • Earnings Sharing
    • Issues
    • Benchmarking and Yardstick Analyses
    • Conducting A Price Review
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Tariff Design
    • Economics of Tariff Design
      • Ramsey Pricing
      • Multipart Pricing
      • Price Discrimination
      • Optional Tariffs
      • Non-linear Prices
      • Peak Load Pricing
      • Summary
    • Pricing for the Poor
    • Pricing in Competitive Environments
    • Demand Forecasting
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Quality, Social, Environmental Issues
    • Quality of Service
    • Environmental and Safety Issues
    • Regulation, Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency
    • Social Aspects
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Regulatory Process
    • Leadership In Regulation
    • Institutional Design
    • Reviews and Appeals of Regulatory Decisions
    • Ethics
    • Stakeholder Relations
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Fragile or Conflict-Affected Countries
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
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  • Nationalization
  • Native Load Customers
  • Natural Advantages
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  • Negative Equity
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  • Net Income
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  • Network
  • Network Access Charge
  • Network Interface
  • Network Losses (gWh)
  • Niche Market
  • Night/Weekend Rates
  • Nodal Prices
  • Nominal Data
  • Nominal Rate of Interest
  • Non-Exclusive Benefits
  • Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
  • Non-Marketed Output
  • Non-Price Competition
  • Non-Published Numbers
  • Non-Rival Competition
  • Non-Wage Benefits
  • Normal Goods
  • Normal Profits
  • Normative Economics
  • Not-For-Profit