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  • Introduction
  • Overview
  • Glossary
  • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Foundations of Regulation
    • Utility Market Reforms
    • Development of Regulation
    • Market Structure and Performance
    • Regulating Public vs. Private Operators
    • Theories of Regulation
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Market Structure and Competition
    • Monopoly and Market Power
    • Competition in Utility Markets
    • Competition for the Market
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Financial Analysis
    • Information in the Regulatory Process
    • Regulation of Financial Statements
    • Comparative Analyses
    • Earnings Measurement
    • Cost of Capital
    • Business Decision Making
    • Information Management
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Price Level Regulation
    • Basic Forms of Regulation
    • Incentive Features
    • Features of Price and Revenue Cap Regulation
    • Earnings Sharing
    • Issues
    • Benchmarking and Yardstick Analyses
    • Conducting A Price Review
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Tariff Design
    • Economics of Tariff Design
      • Ramsey Pricing
      • Multipart Pricing
      • Price Discrimination
      • Optional Tariffs
      • Non-linear Prices
      • Peak Load Pricing
      • Summary
    • Pricing for the Poor
    • Pricing in Competitive Environments
    • Demand Forecasting
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Quality, Social, Environmental Issues
    • Quality of Service
    • Environmental and Safety Issues
    • Regulation, Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency
    • Social Aspects
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Regulatory Process
    • Leadership In Regulation
    • Institutional Design
    • Reviews and Appeals of Regulatory Decisions
    • Ethics
    • Stakeholder Relations
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Fragile or Conflict-Affected Countries
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
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  • Backward Integration
  • Balance Sheet
  • Banded Rate of Return Regulation
  • Bandwidth
  • Bargaining
  • Barriers to Entry
  • Base Rate
  • Base Year
  • Bearer Services
  • Benchmarking
  • Bertrand Model
  • Beta
  • Bidding
  • Bilateral Contract
  • Bilateral Monopoly
  • Billing Cycle
  • Billing Surcharge
  • Billing Unit
  • Bonds
  • Bottleneck Facility
  • Bottom-Up Approach (to Modeling of Costs)
  • Brand Loyalty
  • Break-Even Pricing
  • Broadband
  • Broker
  • Brownout
  • Budgets
  • Building Societies
  • Bulk Power Supply
  • Bundled Service
  • Bypass