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  • Foundations of Regulation
    • Utility Market Reforms
    • Development of Regulation
    • Market Structure and Performance
    • Regulating Public vs. Private Operators
    • Theories of Regulation
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Market Structure and Competition
    • Monopoly and Market Power
    • Competition in Utility Markets
    • Competition for the Market
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Financial Analysis
    • Information in the Regulatory Process
    • Regulation of Financial Statements
    • Comparative Analyses
    • Earnings Measurement
    • Cost of Capital
    • Business Decision Making
    • Information Management
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Price Level Regulation
    • Basic Forms of Regulation
    • Incentive Features
    • Features of Price and Revenue Cap Regulation
    • Earnings Sharing
    • Issues
    • Benchmarking and Yardstick Analyses
    • Conducting A Price Review
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Tariff Design
    • Economics of Tariff Design
      • Ramsey Pricing
      • Multipart Pricing
      • Price Discrimination
      • Optional Tariffs
      • Non-linear Prices
      • Peak Load Pricing
      • Summary
    • Pricing for the Poor
    • Pricing in Competitive Environments
    • Demand Forecasting
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Quality, Social, Environmental Issues
    • Quality of Service
    • Environmental and Safety Issues
    • Regulation, Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency
    • Social Aspects
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Regulatory Process
    • Leadership In Regulation
    • Institutional Design
    • Reviews and Appeals of Regulatory Decisions
    • Ethics
    • Stakeholder Relations
    • Concluding Observations
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
  • Fragile or Conflict-Affected Countries
    • Related FAQs
    • Annotated Reading List
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  • Mandates
  • Marginal Cost
  • Marginal Cost Pricing
  • Marginal External Benefit
  • Marginal External Cost
  • Marginal Price
  • Marginal Private Benefit
  • Marginal Private Cost
  • Marginal Product
  • Marginal Product of Labor
  • Marginal Rate of Tax
  • Marginal Revenue
  • Marginal Social Cost
  • Mark-Up
  • Mark-Up Pricing
  • Market
  • Market Concentration
  • Market Economy
  • Market Failure
  • Market for Loanable Funds
  • Market Foreclosure
  • Market Imperfections
  • Market Penetration
  • Market Penetration Pricing
  • Market Power
  • Market Reform
  • Market Rules
  • Market Segment
  • Market Share
  • Market Structure
  • Market Supply Curve
  • Market Value
  • Market-Based Price
  • Marketer (for Energy)
  • Marketing Economies of Scale
  • Marketing Mix
  • Maximum Price
  • Measurable Economic Welfare
  • Measure of Value
  • Measured Rate Service
  • Mediation
  • Megawatt (MW)
  • Megawatt-Hour (mWh)
  • Menu Auctions
  • Merchant Banks
  • Merger
  • Merit Goods
  • Message Unit
  • Minimum Charge
  • Minimum Efficient Plant Size
  • Minimum Price
  • Ministerial Policy Guidance
  • Mixed Economy
  • Mobile Phone
  • Modem
  • Monitor
  • Monitoring
  • Monopolistic Competition
  • Monopoly
  • Monopoly Profits
  • Monopsony
  • Monthly Charges
  • Moral Hazard
  • Multi-Part Pricing
  • Multi-Part Tariffs
  • Multinational Corporation (MNC)
  • Municipalization
  • Municipally Owned Electric System