| |
Crisis |
Rebuild & Reform |
Transition |
Transformation |
Resilience |
| Role of State |
The state is not present throughout the country |
Service delivery by the government has begun to expand beyond the nation’s capital |
Institutions are in place to support dialogue among stakeholders and political parties – but there is an ongoing lack of constructive cooperation (and consensus) required for long term decision making by operators |
Instruments of government exist throughout the regions of the country, enabling some infrastructure investments (mainly funded by government) |
Political consensus regarding infrastructure sectors as prerequisites for economic and social development. Some government funding of investments, with increased private participation |
| System of Governance |
Traditional systems of governance have broken down or are effective only at the local level |
Accountability mechanisms are still relatively weak |
Divisions of competencies is clearly defined in the constitution but implementation is still weak |
Government officials are elected through a credible, non-violent and democratic political process. Regulatory institutions emphasize professionalism |
Clear separation of powers within government which facilitates conflict resolution and policy implementation |
| Basis of Governmental Decisions |
Basis for political, social and economic progress is often dependent on allegiances to an important figure rather than based on individual merit |
Maintenance of ethno-regional or political imbalances in presidential, public and political appointments |
People in national governments can be using power to favor their tribal group/region or political party |
Political parties are beginning to place some priority on the actual performance of the ICT, energy and water/wastewater sectors rather than on promises and rhetoric |
The government is responsive; it is active in fighting corruption and building strong and merit-based institutions related to infrastructure, including regulatory agencies and utilities |
| Capacity and Accountability |
‘Personalization’ of government and its services undermines the state’s ability to collect taxes and to efficiently utilize resources |
Civil service is poorly remunerated, weak and politicized; professionals are depleted in numbers and quality; corruption and nepotism still dominate |
National procurement legislation has been established, though procurement capacities are still weak; number and capacities of civil servants has begun to improve |
Better use of internet and communication technology in public administration to promote transparency and accountability |
Well trained, high performing civil servants; good employment conditions; public institutions (such as oversight agencies) function well both at national and sub-national levels |
