| |
Crisis |
Rebuild & Reform |
Transition |
Transformation |
Resilience |
| Employment, Livelihoods and Development of Private Sectors |
Most formal employment opportunities are provided through humanitarian NGOs |
Unemployment rate high particularly amongst youth; government and development actors remain the largest employers; some systems in place for public sector recruitment |
More private sectors job opportunities have been created, with government continuing as the largest employer; professionalism given greater weight in recruitment. |
Increased job opportunities across the country, in most regions; some private-public participation (PPP) projects have been initiated in infrastructure, including out-sourcing |
Private sector represents a large share of the labor market; skills training and employment opportunities are high, even for youth |
| Income Levels |
Widespread inability to pay for basic infrastructure services |
10% of the population has the ability to pay for basic infrastructure |
25% of the population has the ability to pay for basic infrastructure |
About half the population can afford basic infrastructure |
Widespread infrastructure coverage; citizens can afford services (covering operating costs and some network investments) |
| Financial Markets |
Absence of financial institutions and markets that can provide funds for firms providing infrastructure and other services |
Development partners are major sources of funds for infrastructure investment. Government funds some investments. |
Some bonds have been sold, providing funds for infrastructure. Telecom firms are able to finance projects. Some energy projects have been able to obtain capital from internal and external investors. |
National capital market enables firms to raise funds, mainly from domestic investors. Some commercial grade debt and equity issues have been made by infrastructure firms. International investors are showing interest |
Well-developed financial markets integrated into global markets. Firms with strong track records can obtain funding for projects. National government and municipalities are also able to issue bonds. |
| Revenue Generation |
Absence of public institutions for the collection of domestic revenues/taxes |
Collection of revenues is improving and is being documented, however problems exist since revenue management institutions have limited capacity and lack procurement regulations |
Tax collection and compliance is increasing, especially in urban areas – as a result of reforms in tax administration and increased tax awareness and compliance |
Public institutions and staff are capable of managing domestic revenues; tax and customs collection now well-structured and coordinated |
Government generates enough revenue to provide essential services to citizens; there is improved transparency and accountability for revenues associated with resource extraction industries. |
