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Introduction
Overview
Glossary
Frequently Asked Questions
Foundations of Regulation
Utility Market Reforms
Development of Regulation
Market Structure and Performance
Regulating Public vs. Private Operators
Theories of Regulation
Concluding Observations
Related FAQs
Annotated Reading List
Market Structure and Competition
Monopoly and Market Power
Competition in Utility Markets
Competition for the Market
Concluding Observations
Related FAQs
Annotated Reading List
Financial Analysis
Information in the Regulatory Process
Regulation of Financial Statements
Comparative Analyses
Earnings Measurement
Cost of Capital
Business Decision Making
Information Management
Concluding Observations
Related FAQs
Annotated Reading List
Price Level Regulation
Basic Forms of Regulation
Incentive Features
Features of Price and Revenue Cap Regulation
Earnings Sharing
Issues
Benchmarking and Yardstick Analyses
Conducting A Price Review
Concluding Observations
Related FAQs
Annotated Reading List
Tariff Design
Economics of Tariff Design
Ramsey Pricing
Multipart Pricing
Price Discrimination
Optional Tariffs
Non-linear Prices
Peak Load Pricing
Summary
Pricing for the Poor
Pricing in Competitive Environments
Demand Forecasting
Concluding Observations
Related FAQs
Annotated Reading List
Quality, Social, Environmental Issues
Quality of Service
Environmental and Safety Issues
Regulation, Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency
Social Aspects
Concluding Observations
Related FAQs
Annotated Reading List
Regulatory Process
Leadership In Regulation
Institutional Design
Reviews and Appeals of Regulatory Decisions
Ethics
Stakeholder Relations
Concluding Observations
Related FAQs
Annotated Reading List
Fragile or Conflict-Affected Countries
Related FAQs
Annotated Reading List
E-mail
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Shortage
Glossary
->
S
A situation of
excess demand
, where the price is below the equilibrium price.
